New environmental regulations and volatile fuel\udprices have resulted in an ever-increasing need for reduction\udin carbon emission and fuel consumption. Designs of marine\udand offshore vessels are more demanding with complex\udoperating requirements and oil and gas exploration\udventuring into deeper waters and hasher environments.\udCombinations of these factors have led to the need to\udoptimise the design of the hull for the marine and offshore\udindustry. The contribution of this paper is threefold. Firstly,\udthe paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-ofthe-\udart techniques in hull form design. Specifically, it\udanalyses geometry modelling, shape transformation,\udoptimisation and performance evaluation. Strengths and\udweaknesses of existing solutions are also discussed.\udSecondly, key challenges of hull form optimisation specific\udto the design of marine and offshore vessels are identified\udand analysed. Thirdly, future trends in performing hull\udform design optimisation are investigated and possible\udsolutions proposed. A case study on the design optimisation\udof bulbous bow for passenger ferry vessel to reduce wavemaking\udresistance is presented using NAPA software.\udLastly, main issues and challenges are discussed to stimulate\udfurther ideas on future developments in this area, including\udthe use of parallel computing and machine intelligence.
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